Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)

Reported Speech sering disebut Indirect Speech (Kalimat tidak langsung) ialah melaporkan apa yang dikatakan oleh oranglain secara tidak langsung. Cara membedakan antara Direct Speech dengan Indirect Speech sangat mudah. Jika dalam Quoted Speech atau lebih dikenal dengan Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) selalu menggunakan tanda petik (“ “) tetapi dalam Reported Speech/Indirect Speech tidak menggunakan Tanda petik . Untuk merubah Direct Speech menjadi Indirect Speech. Ada 4 hal yang mengalami perubahan, antara lain :

1.        Perubahan Struktur Kalimat (Structure)

2.       Tenses

3.       Kata Ganti Orang (Pronoun)

4.       Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adv. of Time and Place)

Dalam merubah Direct Speech menjadi Indirect Speech selalu menggunakan Past Tense (Masa lampau).

1.       Berdasarkan Perubahan Struktur Kalimat (Structure).

Ø  Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat Perintah tanda petik yang ada pada Direct Speech dihilangkan kemudian dalam Indirect Speech diubah dengan “that” atau “to”. Contoh :

Direct Speech                   : She said, “I watch TV everyday”

Indirect Speech                : She said (that) She watched TV everyday

Ø  Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya. Mak dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contoh :

Direct Speech             : He said, "Doe you want to mary me?"

Indirect Speech         : He asked me  if/whether she wants to mary her.

2.       Perubahan Tenses.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	Simple Present - V1 (eat)	Simple Past - V2 (ate)
02	Simple Past - V2 (ate)	Past Perfect - Had + V3 (had eaten)
03	Present Continous - Am/is/are	Past Continous - Was/were
04	Present - Do/does	Past Tense - Did
05	Do/does not	Did not
06	Did not	Had not + V3
07	Past Continous - Was/were	Past Perfect - Had been
08	Am/is/are + V-ing	Was/were + V-ing
09	Was/were +V-ing	Had been + V-ing
10	Has/have + V3	Had + V3
11	Future - Will/shall/can/may/must	Past Future - Would/should/could/might/had to
12	Could/might/should/would + V1/be	Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

3.       Kata Ganti Orang (Pronoun). Perubahan Pronoun tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech (kalimat langsung).]

Ø  Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada Reported Speech. Contoh :

Direct                   : He said, “I am busy”.

Indirect               : He said that he was busy.

Ø  Kata ganti orang kedua (You) pada Reported Speech. Contoh :

Direct              : She said to me, “You can go”.

Indirect           : She told me that I could go.

Ø  Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) yang berada pada Direct Speech tidak berubah ketika dirubah menjadi Indirect Speech. Contoh :

Direct             : He said, “She is a beautiful girl”.

Indirect           : He said that she was a beautiful girl.

4.       Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adv.  of Time and Place).

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Now	Then
To day	That day
Tomorrow	The next day The day after The following day A day later
Next ...	The ... after The following ...
Last ...	The ... before The Previous ...
... ago	... before ... earlier
Yesterday	The day before The previous day The preceeding day
The day before yesterday	Two day before
Here	There
This	That
These	Those

Contoh :

Direct                   : He ordered me, “Bring my bag here now!”

Indirect           : He ordered me to bring his bag there then.

Sumber :

1.       English Grammar

2.       http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/04/penjelasan-direct-dan-indirect-speech.html

The voting of the legislative candidates (PEMILU CALEG)

O

n Wednesday, April 9, 2014. Entire citizens of Indonesia doing Legislative Candidate Selection. Good citizens of Indonesians who were in Indonesia or citizens Indonesia who are abroad fixed have to do it. Each region has been set Polling Stations (TPS). And each Polling Stations (TPS) had been there are list name of citizens. Because my name is on TPS 133 right behind my house. It made me calm enough. Because Polling Stations (TPS) are not far away from home.

Many citizens who enthusiastically participated in conducting the election votes, including me. One of the reasons that made me excited is the first time I participated in the election vote (PEMILU). At 10 a.m, i’m coming to the Polling Stations (TPS) with friends. Upon arrival at the Polling Stations (TPS) have been many resident who queue up. I immediately give paper the election vote sign. Because many of the residents who were waiting in line, I must to join the queue with other citizens until my name was called. I look the legislative candidates. but an awful lot of the legislative candidate and I do not know the legislative candidate makes me confused. not just me who is confused but citizens also confused must choose which.

After 30 minutes of waiting, finally my name called. and I immediately chose the legislative candidates. Although confused but I still must to choose. finished selecting I rushed home. the legislative election was completed at 12: 30 pm. the witnesses perform the vote count. 8 p.m., the vote count was completed and the results were as follows:

1.      the House of representatives (DPR) is the Democratic Party of Indonesia (PDI) with a total of 66 votes (Caleg 1. Sukur H. Nababan, ST).

2.      the House of representatives the Prov. (DPRD Prov) is the Democratic Party of Indonesia (PDI) with a total of 67 votes (Caleg 1. Waras Wasisto, SH).

3.      the House of representatives the City (DPRD Kota) is the Democratic Party of Indonesia (PDI) with a total of 68 votes (Caleg 1. 20= Wasimin)

Hopefully we choose a leader that is good and right. specify voting rights for the sake of our nation's progress.

PASSIVE VOICE

Dalam bahasa indonesia passive voice dikenal sebagai kalimat pasif. Kalimat aktif dan pasif mempunyai perbedaan, yaitu : pada kalimat aktif Subjek kalimat melakukan pekerjaan, sedangkan pada kalimat pasif Subjek bukan pelaku pekerjaan melainkan objek. Cara merubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif (Passive Voice) harus merubah beberapa bentuk Verb (kata kerja) dan menambahkan to be sebelum Verb (kata kerja). Hal yang perlu kita ingat adalah dalam kalimat pasif (Passive Voice) harus Verb 3 karena itu Mutlak.

                                Active   : S + Verb/modal + O

                                Passive  : S + to be/aux + verb/modal + by + O

·         Syarat Passive Voice ( dalam merubah Active menjadi Passive ) :

1)      Harus ada “To Be”

2)      Harus ada Verb 3 ( V3 )

3)      Objek menjadi Subjek

4)      Subjek menjadi by phrase

·         Secara umum Pola Passive Voice dibagi menjadi 4, yaitu :

1)      Present Passive Voice

2)      Past Passive Voice

3)      Future Passive Voice

4)      Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice

Pola Active dan Passive Voice pada setiap Tenses

1.       Simple Present. Maka “to be” yang digunakan dalam passive voice adalah ( is, am atau are).

A.      Active   : He Plays the ball everyday

  S + V1 (base form) + O + adv. of time

Passive : The ball is Played by him everyday

S + to be ( am/is/are ) + V3 + by phrase + adv. of time

2.       Simple Present Continous. Dalam present continous selalu menggunakan auxiliary.

A.    Active   :  She is reading two books right now 

 S + to be + V1/Ving + O + adv. of time

Passive : Two books are being read by her right now

S + to be/aux + being + V3 + by phrase + adv. of time

3.       Simple Present Perfect. Dalam present perfect selalu menggunakan auxiliary.

A.    Active   : The children have bought Ice cream

S + have/has + V3 + O

Passive : Ice Cream has been bought by the children

S + have/has + been + V3 + by phrase

4.       Simple present perfect continous. Verb (kata kerja) selalu ditambahkan (-ing).

A.              Active   : I have been helping mother

                S + have/has + been + Ving  + O

Passive : Mother have been being helping by me

S + have/has + been + being + Ving + by phrase

5.       Simple Past. Verb (Kata Kerja) didalam kalimat aktif (Active Voice) itu menggunakan V2 tetapi tetap saja dalam merubah ke kalimat pasif (Passive Voice) menggunakan V3. Karena itu hal mutlak.

A.              Active   : I ate meat ball yesterday

S + V2 + O + adv. of time

Passive  : meat ball was eaten by me yesterday

S + was/were + V3 +  by phrase + adv. of time

6.       Simple Past Continous.

A.              Active   : We were watching the movie

S + was/were + Ving + O

Passive  : The movie was being watched by us

S + was/were + being + V3 +  by phrase

7.       Simple Past  Perfect

A.              Active   : I had read The Truth of Love Novel

S + had + V3 + O

Passive : The Truth of Love Novel had been read by me

S + had + been + V3 + by phrase

8.       Simple Past Perfect Continous

A.              Active   : The police man had been setting by the road

S + had + been + Ving + by + O

Passive : The Road had been being set by him

S + had + been + being +  V3 + by phrase

9.       Simple Future. Ciri-ciri adv. of timenya ( tomorrow, next day, next month, dsb).

A.              Active   : Sendy will repair a motorcycle tomorrow

S + will + V1 + O + Adv. of Time

Passive  : A motorcycle will be repaired by him tomorrow

S + will + be +  V3 + by phrase + Adv. of Time

10.     Simple Future Continous

A.              Active   : Mr. Andri will be teaching the math

S + will + be + Ving + O

Passive : The math will be being taught by Mr. Andri

S + will + be +  being + V3 + by phrase

11.   Simple Future Perfect

A.              Active   : They will have collec the paper

S + will + have + V1 + O

Passive  : The paper will have been collected by them

S + will + have +  been + V3 + by phrase

12.   Simple Future Perfect Continous

A.              Active   : Winda will have been drawing dress design

S + will + have + been + Ving + O

Passive : Dress design will have been being drawn by Winda

S + will + have +  been + being + V3 + by phrase

13.   Modal Auxiliary. Terdiri dari : Can-Could, May-Might, Will-Would, Shall-Should, Must dan Ought to.

A.              Active   : the woman should finish the work

S + Modals + V1 + O

Passive : The work should be finished by the woman

S + Modals + be + V3 + by phrase

Sumber :

http://www.kursusmudahbahasainggris.com/2013/10/pengertian-struktur-mengubah-kalimat.html

http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2012/12/passive-voice-kalimat-pasif.html

KUE BASAH

I.               Latar Belakang

Suatu pemasaran dalam bidang usaha makanan banyak sekali bentuk yang beranekaragam. Dari makanan ringan hingga makanan berat, dari yang murah hingga yang mahal. Makanan merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok bagi kebutuhan manusia sehari-hari. Saat ini dipasaran sudah banyak makanan yang bertaraf internasional tidak hanya makanan tradisional. Salah satu makanan tradisional adalah “KUE BASAH”. Sebagian masyarakat banyak yang memilih makanan yang berpedoman pada rasanya yang enak dan nikmat. Dan memilih harga yang relatif murah.

Dengan hal tersebut, maka saya ingin menganalisa usaha makanan, yaitu “KUE BASAH” dan berkaitan denga analisis SWOT.

Ø  Berikut ini adalah analisis SWOT, yaitu :

                                                                      I.            Faktor Internal.

a.      Strengths (Kekuatan)

1)      Pembuatan yang sederhana dan tidak memerlukan waktu yang terlalu lama.

2)      Kualitas rasa yang enak, gurih dan nikmat.

3)      Memiliki variasi makanan yang bermacam-macam sehingga konsumen dapat memilih sesuai keinginan.

4)      Bahan baku dan peralatan mudah didapat.

5)      Harga yang terjangkau, sehingga mendapatkan profit yang cukup tinggi.

6)      Lokasi milik sendiri.

a.      Weakness (Kelemahan)

1)      Faktor kenaikan harga bahan baku menyulitkan untuk menentukan harga.

2)      Keadaan cuaca yang buruk.

3)      Tidak adanya promosi, sehingga tidak semua masyarakat mengetahui usaha ini.

4)      Lokasi yang kecil dan kurang strategis.

5)      Belum adanya brand.

                                                                    II.            Faktor Eksternal.

a.      Opportunities (Peluang)

1)      Apabila harga masih tetap terjangkau dan rasa tetap menjamin kepuasan konsumen, memungkinkan meningkatkan pelanggan baru dan pelanggan tetap.

2)      Daya inovatif dan kreatif dalam mengembangkan usaha ini, maka akan mempunyai peluang yang cukup besar untuk menguasai pasar diwilayahnya.

3)      Meningkatnya kecepatan dalam mengolahnya dengan memberikan peluang bagi masyarakat.

4)      Apabila lokasi diperbesar dan membuka banyak cabang usaha ini, memungkinkan meningkatnya pendapatan.

5)      Menciptakan promosi dengan berbagai macam cara dengan variasi yang bagus, maka akan menarik minat konsumen dan lebih banyak masyarakat yang mengetahui.

b.      Threats (Ancaman)

1)      Harga bahan baku yang meningkat, harga kue ini pun meningkat dan mengurangi permintaan.

2)      Berkurangnya kreatifitas dalam menciptakan produk kue yang baru, sehingga konsumen akan merasa kurang puas dan akan berpindah ke pemasar lain.

3)      Munculnya pesaing yang lebih kreatif diwilayahnya yang mengikuti jenis usaha ini.

4)      Semakin banyak munculnya makanan yang bertaraf internasional akan mengurangi permintaan dan menurunnya pendapatan.

5)      Hanya memasarkan di wilayahnya saja tidak memasarkannya di wilayah lain, dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya konsumen.

Travel in Tea Garden

 Holiday year ago, to exactly after New Year Eve. Me and friends have plan to went to the tea garden, Cisarua Bogor, West java. At 8 a.m, we are rushing to wake up, to bathe and breakfast. Finished doing two things, we are immediate to tidy up the goods. And then we are depart to the tea garden. We headed off to the tea garden not far the villa that we were inhabit last night. When a trip to the tea garden, we were lucky, because the road to headed to the tea garden is not crowded as usual. Arrived in the area tea garden, we are immediate looking for area parking. And soon purchase admission to the tea garden. After a buy ticket, we climb the hill tea garden. The time we are already arrive to above, We were amazed to see the beautiful view dengan a thick fog and a dew makes the air become very cool and fresh. The first things we do is each to take a photos for enshrined. after a few hours, we spent time and already satisfied have fun in the tea garden. Although we still want to be there but we have to go home. Finnaly, we are decide to go home. We were so happy, because they can arrive safe. Then we return to home each after a during 4 hours a trip to go home. I'm tired but i'm so very happy can went to the tea garden together with friends.

                          "This is the Floor plan of Cisarua "